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2011
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Nonlinear effects (for amplification)
Several-photon interactions
Interactions with non-electronic energy levels: phonons
Vibration
level
Pump
Signal
Virtual level
amplification
Parametric
amplification
Raman/Brillouin
Nonradiative
(phonon)
transition
Pump
(2 photons) (1 photon)
Idler
Conservation of
energy &
momentum:
ω
p
= ω
s
+ ω
phonon
~
k
p
=
~
k
s
+
~
k
phonon
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